prog.cpp | mem

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstring/memset/

memset

void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
Fill block of memory
Sets the first num bytes of the block of memory pointed by ptr to the specified value (interpreted as an unsigned char).

Parameters

ptr
Pointer to the block of memory to fill.
value
Value to be set. The value is passed as an int, but the function fills the block of memory using the unsigned char conversion of this value.
num
Number of bytes to be set to the value.
size_t is an unsigned integral type.

Return Value

ptr is returned.

Example

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/* memset example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
  char str[] = "almost every programmer should know memset!";
  memset (str,'-',6);
  puts (str);
  return 0;
}


Output:

------ every programmer should know memset!




memcpy

void * memcpy ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
Copy block of memory
Copies the values of num bytes from the location pointed by source directly to the memory block pointed bydestination.

The underlying type of the objects pointed by both the source and destination pointers are irrelevant for this function; The result is a binary copy of the data.

The function does not check for any terminating null character in source - it always copies exactly num bytes.

To avoid overflows, the size of the arrays pointed by both the destination and source parameters, shall be at leastnum bytes, and should not overlap (for overlapping memory blocks, memmove is a safer approach).

Parameters

destination
Pointer to the destination array where the content is to be copied, type-casted to a pointer of type void*.
source
Pointer to the source of data to be copied, type-casted to a pointer of type const void*.
num
Number of bytes to copy.
size_t is an unsigned integral type.

Return Value

destination is returned.

Example

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/* memcpy example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct {
  char name[40];
  int age;
} person, person_copy;

int main ()
{
  char myname[] = "Pierre de Fermat";

  /* using memcpy to copy string: */
  memcpy ( person.name, myname, strlen(myname)+1 );
  person.age = 46;

  /* using memcpy to copy structure: */
  memcpy ( &person_copy, &person, sizeof(person) );

  printf ("person_copy: %s, %d \n", person_copy.name, person_copy.age );

  return 0;
}


Output:

person_copy: Pierre de Fermat, 46




memcmp

int memcmp ( const void * ptr1, const void * ptr2, size_t num );
Compare two blocks of memory
Compares the first num bytes of the block of memory pointed by ptr1 to the first num bytes pointed by ptr2, returning zero if they all match or a value different from zero representing which is greater if they do not.

Notice that, unlike strcmp, the function does not stop comparing after finding a null character.

Parameters

ptr1
Pointer to block of memory.
ptr2
Pointer to block of memory.
num
Number of bytes to compare.

Return Value

Returns an integral value indicating the relationship between the content of the memory blocks:
A zero value indicates that the contents of both memory blocks are equal.
A value greater than zero indicates that the first byte that does not match in both memory blocks has a greater value in ptr1 than in ptr2 as if evaluated as unsigned char values; And a value less than zero indicates the opposite.

Example

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/* memcmp example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
  char buffer1[] = "DWgaOtP12df0";
  char buffer2[] = "DWGAOTP12DF0";

  int n;

  n=memcmp ( buffer1, buffer2, sizeof(buffer1) );

  if (n>0) printf ("'%s' is greater than '%s'.\n",buffer1,buffer2);
  else if (n<0) printf ("'%s' is less than '%s'.\n",buffer1,buffer2);
  else printf ("'%s' is the same as '%s'.\n",buffer1,buffer2);

  return 0;
}


Output:

'DWgaOtP12df0' is greater than 'DWGAOTP12DF0'.

DWgAOtp12Df0 is greater than DWGAOTP12DF0 because the first non-matching character in both words are 'g' and 'G'respectively, and 'g' (103) evaluates as greater than 'G' (71).



strncpy

char * strncpy ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );
Copy characters from string
Copies the first num characters of source to destination. If the end of the source C string (which is signaled by a null-character) is found before num characters have been copied, destination is padded with zeros until a total ofnum characters have been written to it.

No null-character is implicitly appended at the end of destination if source is longer than num. Thus, in this case,destination shall not be considered a null terminated C string (reading it as such would overflow).

destination and source shall not overlap (see memmove for a safer alternative when overlapping).

Parameters

destination
Pointer to the destination array where the content is to be copied.
source
C string to be copied.
num
Maximum number of characters to be copied from source.
size_t is an unsigned integral type.

Return Value

destination is returned.

Example

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/* strncpy example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
  char str1[]= "To be or not to be";
  char str2[40];
  char str3[40];

  /* copy to sized buffer (overflow safe): */
  strncpy ( str2, str1, sizeof(str2) );

  /* partial copy (only 5 chars): */
  strncpy ( str3, str2, 5 );
  str3[5] = '\0';   /* null character manually added */

  puts (str1);
  puts (str2);
  puts (str3);

  return 0;
}


Output:

To be or not to be
To be or not to be
To be








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